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•Negative binary, octal, and hexadecimal values are produced by taking the two’s complement. E-10 •You can use the following logical operators between values in Base-n calculations: and (logical product), or (logical sum), xor (exclusive or), xnor (exclusive nor), Not (bitwise complement), and Neg (negation). • The following are the allowable ranges for each of the available number systems. Binary 1000000000 . x . 1111111111 0 . x . 0111111111 Octal 4000000000 . x . 7777777777 0 . x . 3777777777 Decimal –2147483648 . x . 2147483647 Hexadecimal 80000000 . x . FFFFFFFF 0 . x . 7FFFFFFF • Example 1: To perform the following calculation and produce a binary result: 101112 110102 1100012 Binary mode: t b 0. b 10111 + 11010 = • Example 2: To perform the following calculation and produce an octal result: 76548 . 1210 5168 Octal mode: t o 0. o l l l 4(o) 7654 \ l l l 1(d) 12 = • Example 3: To perform the following calculation and produce a hexadecimal and a decimal result: 12016 or 11012 12d16 30110 Hexadecimal mode: t h 0. H 120 l 2(or) l l l 3(b) 1101 = Decimal mode: K E-11 • Example 4: To convert the value 2210 to its binary, octal, and hexadecimal equivalents. (10110, 26, 16) 2 8 16 Binary mode: t b l l l 1(d) 22 = Octal mode: o Hexadecimal mode: h 0. b 10110. b 26. o 16. H • Example 5: To convert the value 51310 to its binary equivalent. Binary mode: t b l l l 1(d) 513 = 0. b aMt h ERROR b •You may not be able to convert a value from a number system whose calculation range is greater than the calculation range of the resulting number system. • The message “Math ERROR” indicates that the result has too many digits (overflow). SD REG Statistical Calculations Normal Distribution SD Use the Fkey to enter the SD Mode when you want to perform a calculation involving normal distribution. SD ........................................................... FF1 • In the SD Mode and REG Mode, the | key operates as the S key. • Press A D, which produces the screen shown below. P( Q( R( >t 123 4 E-12 •Input a value from 1 to 4 to select the probability distribution calculation you want to perform. P(t) R(t)Q(t) • Example: To determine the normalized variate (>t) for x = 53 and normal probability distribution P(t) for the following data: 55, 54, 51, 55, 53, 53, 54, 52 (>t = 0.284747398, P(t) = 0.38974) 55 S 54 S 51 S 55 S 53 S S 54 S 52 S 53 A D 4(>t) = A D 1( P( ) D 0.28 F = COMPDifferential Calculations The procedure described below obtains the derivative of a function. Use the F key to enter the COMP Mode when you want to perform a calculation involving differentials. COMP ............................................................ F 1 • Three inputs are required for the differential expression: the function of variable x, the point (a) at which the differential coefficient is calculated, and the change in x (.x). A J expression P a P .x T • Example: To determine the derivative at point x = 2 for the function y = 3x2– 5x + 2, when the increase or decrease in x is .x = 2 . 10–4 (Result: 7) A J 3 p x K , 5 p x + 2 P 2 P 2 e D 4 T = E-13 •You can omit input of .x, if you want. The calculator automatically substitutes an appropriate value for .x if you do not input one. •Discontinuous points and extreme changes in the value of x can cause inaccurate results and errors. • Select Rad (Radian) for the angle unit setting when performing trigonometric function differential calculations. COMPIntegration Calculations The procedure described below obtains the definite integral of a function. Use the F key to enter the COMP Mode when you want to perform integration calculations. COMP ............................................................ F 1 • The following four inputs are required for integration calculations: a function with the variable x; a and b, which define the integration range of the definite integral; and n, which is the number of partitions (equivalent to N = 2n) for integration using Simpson’s rule. d expression P a P b P n F • Example: . 5 (2x2 + 3x + 8) dx = 150.6666667 1 (Number of partitions n = 6) d 2 p x K + 3 p x + 8 P 1 P 5 P 6 T = Note! •You can specify an integer in the range of 1 to 9 as the number of partitions, or you can skip input of the number of partitions entirely, if you want. •Internal integration calculations may take considerable time to complete. •Display contents are cleared while an integration calculation is being performed internally. • Select Rad (Radian) for the angle unit setting when performing trigonometric function integration calculations. E-14 MAT Matrix Calculations MAT Matrix Calculations The procedures in this section describe how to create matrices with up to three rows and three columns, and how to add, subtract, multiply, transpose and invert matrices, and how to obtain the scalar product, determinant, and absolute value of a matrix. Use the F key to enter the MAT Mode when you want to perform matrix calculations. MAT ..................................................... F F ...
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