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Contrast is therefore reduced in conditions of high ambient light levels. Black Matrix tubes reflect less ambient light so exhibit higher contrast than other tubes. Convergence error Bean misalignment causing one or more of the three beams passing through the wrong aperture in the shadow mask and striking a phosphor dot in the wrong triad. Convergence error is expressed in mm often at three well-defined points on the screen, designated A, B and C (see figure ). Also known as misconvergence. Points where convergence error is specified. Convergence-error correction A method of correcting for convergence error to insure that all three beams land simultaneously in the same triad. This is usually accomplished by means of special convergence-error correction coils in the deflection yoke. CRT Cathode-ray tube - the general term for all tubes in which one or more electron beams emitted by a cathode are periodically scanned across a phosphor screen by means of deflection circuitry. A special form of the cathode-ray tube is the TV and monitor picture tube. RETURN TO TOP OF THE PAGE D DDC (Display Data Channel) DDC is a communication channel for displays and computers. The DDC feature allows the monitor controller to be automatically configured to make optimal use of the display without manual user interaction. DDC is implemented as part of the new Plug & Play approach introduced into the PC market to increase user friendliness. The three levels developed for Plug & play are: (1) DDC1, monitor send data to the PC; (2) DDC2B, PC can request information from monitor; and (3) DDC2Bi which is a two-way communication - monitor can be addressed and PC or graphics board can give commands to monitor. DDC 1/2B See DDC. DDC 2Bi See DDC. Degaussing The procedure of demagnetizing the shadow mask and associated metal parts of a picture tube at switch-on to minimize picture distortion. This is usually accomplished by means of a special degaussing coil through which a decaying alternating current is passed to generate an alternating magnetic field that gradually decays to demagnetize the tube. Some monitors offer a manual degaussing facility that can be activated at any time. Digital control Microprocessor-based digital control of picture parameters and video modes for complete control of picture settings and modes and instant recall of all settings at the push of a button. This is a very advanced feature that allows the user to switch to any required mode at any instant without having to spend time readjusting the picture. It is currently available in most Philips monitors. Dot pitch The shortest distance between two phosphor dots of the same color on the screen. The smaller the dot pitch, the better the resolution of the monitor. Dot rate Frequency in MHz of the dot clock. It is a measure of the speed with which data is transferred between the video card and subsequent processing circuitry. Also known as video dot rate. RETURN TO TOP OF THE PAGE E Electromagnetic radiation standards International standards set to limit electromagnetic emissions from monitors. There are currently two important standards both derived from regulations originally laid down by Swedish authorities. MPR-II The standard originally proposed by the Swedish National Board of Measurement and Testing. It set maximum levels of electromagnetic radiation emitted by monitors, and has now been adopted as a world standard. MPR-II defines maximum permitted electrostatic, magnetic and electric field levels measured at a distance of 50 cm from the center of the monitor (see table). TCO In 1991, the Swedish Tjanstemannens Central Organization (TCO, Swedish confederation of Professional Employees ) set a standard even more severe than MPR-II, especially for alternating electric fields (AEF). The TCO standard is more severe since not only are the permitted field levels reduced compared with MPR-II, but the measuring distance is also reduced (see table). Electromagnetic radiation standards EMI (Electrical Magnetic Interference) The electrical and/or magnetic radiation coming from the working electrical or electronic equipment. EMS (Electrical Magnetic Sustainment) The ability of electrical or electronic equipment to function properly in the environment with electrical and/or magnetic interference. RETURN TO TOP OF THE PAGE F Flicker Very rapid variations in picture intensity caused by the finite time required for the electron beam to scan a picture onto the screen. Two kinds of flicker occur: line flicker caused by the electron beam scanning-in each line of the picture; and frame flicker (or field flicker if the picture is interlaced) caused by the frame repetition rate of 50 frames/second. Frame flicker is noticeable with GUI and DTP software (which have a light background), and can be very disturbing, especially for those who work regularly with displays - contributing to eye strain, headaches, visual blurring, stress, etc. The problem can, however, be eliminated by incr...

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