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Resumen del manual
It is suitable for a variety of printing techniques and is not prone to errors from ink spreading during printing. UPC, EAN, Bookland, and ISSN bar codes are found on retail items scanned at the cash register. Package designers therefore create these bar codes. UPC symbols are also placed on shipping labels, forms, and catalogs. Book covers have a Bookland bar code based on the ISBN number. EAN and JAN bar codes are used outside of the US and Canada, while international periodicals use ISSN bar codes. Generally, the code is split into two halves of six digits each. The first one is always zero, except for products like meat and produce that have variable weight, and a few other special items. The next five are the manufacturers’ code, the next five are the product code and the last is a check digit used to verify that the preceding digits have been scanned properly. Cues in the structure of the code tell the scanner which end is which, so it can be scanned in any direction. 18 Both UPC-A and UPC-E allow for a supplemental two or five digit number to be appended to the main bar code symbol. The supplemental message was designed for use on publications and periodicals. To enter a supplemental message, it must consist of either two or five numeric digits. The supplemental is simply a small additional bar code that is added onto the right side of a standard UPC symbol. Both UPC-A and UPC-E allow for a supplemental two or five digit number to be appended to the main bar code symbol. The supplemental message was designed for use on publications and periodicals. To enter a supplemental message, it must consist of either two or five numeric digits. The supplemental is simply a small additional bar code that is added onto the right side of a standard UPC symbol. Types of UPC Symbols 4.2.1 UPC-A UPC-A is a 12 digit, numeric symbology used in retail applications to identify the manufacturer and specific product so point-of- sale cash register systems can automatically look up the price. UPC-A symbols consist of 11 data digits, and one check digit. The first digit is a number system digit that usually represents the type of product being identified. The next 5 digits are the manufacturers’ code, followed by a 5-digit product code. UPC-A encodes 12 numeric digits. The first digit identifies the numbering system: 0: regular UPC codes 1: reserved 2: random weight items marked at the store 3: National Drug Code and National Health Related Items code 4: no format restrictions, for in-store use on non-food items 5: for use on coupons 6: reserved 7: regular UPC codes 8: reserved 9: reserved The next group of 5 digits identifies the manufacturer and is assigned by The Uniform Code Council (UCC). The next 5 digits identify the particular product and are assigned by the manufacturer. The last digit is a Modulo 10 checksum. The checksum is a Modulo 10 calculation. 1. Add the values of the digits in positions 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11. 2. Multiply this result by 3. 3. Add the values of the digits in positions 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10. 4. Sum the results of steps 2 and 3. 5. The check character is the smallest number which, when added to the result in step 4, produces a multiple of 10. A UPC-A code may be augmented with the two-digit supplemental bar code noted above to indicate the issue number for a periodical. Weekly publications are generally numbered 1-52, while semi-monthlies are numbered 1-24 and monthlies 1 12. 19 4.2.2 4.2.2 The UPC-E code is a compressed bar code intended for use on small items. Compression works by squeezing extra zeros out of the bar code and then automatically re-inserting them at the scanner. Only bar codes containing zeros are candidates for the UPC-E symbol. UPC-E is also referred to as "zero suppressed". The way this works is that UPC-E compresses a normal 12-digit UPC-A code into a six-digit code by "suppressing" the number system digit, trailing zeros in the manufacturers code and leading zeros in the product identification part of the bar. By suppressing zeros, UPC-E codes can be printed in a very small space required for labeling small items. The UPC-E code can only be used if the system character is 0 and the original 10 data characters have at least four zeros. For example, the UPC-A code 12300-00064 can be compressed to 123643. The last digit (3) indicates the type of compression. Guard bars precede and follow the data in the pattern. The UPC-E bar code specifies left hand guard bars, the six data characters, and right hand guard bars. In addition to the requirement that the first digit of the bar code (number system) must be zero, there are four rules that determine what UPC codes can be printed using the compressed UPC-E format: *If the last 3 digits of the manufacturer's number are 000, 100, or 200, the valid product code numbers are 00000 - 00999 (1,000 numbers) *If the last 3 digits of the manufacturer's number are 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, or 900, the valid product code numbers are 00000 – 0...