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Also, in some lamps designed for reduced power consumption, a thin coating of tin oxide is placed on the inside of the glass prior to coating the glass with the phosphor. Normally a 1.5 inch diameter (T12) fluorescent lamp has approximately 1 - 1.25 grams of the phosphor per foot of lamp. A standard four-foot lamp has about 4 - 5 grams of the phosphor coating its inside length. The one-inch diameter (T8) lamp would have proportionally less phosphor due to its smaller size. Mercury Mercury is present in small amounts in all fluorescent lamps. The overall fleet average for all GE fluorescent lamps has been reduced by more than 75% since 1990 due to significant investments in new manufacturing technology. The amount of mercury present in any given lamp will vary depending on both the size of the lamp and the design life of the lamp. Smaller, shorter life lamps generally have lower mercury content. III. Health Concerns Phosphor Except for small changes, it is essentially the same phosphor that has been in use in our lamps for over fifty years. The Industrial Hygiene Foundation of the Mellon Institute found no significant adverse effects, either by ingestion, inhalation, skin contact, or eye implant, in a five-year animal study of the original phosphor. Also, there have been no significant adverse effects on humans by any of these routes during the many years of its manufacture or use. The phosphor is somewhat similar to the inert mineral apatites (calcium phosphate-fluorides) that occur in nature. Antimony, manganese, yttrium and tin compounds are characterized by OSHA as hazardous chemicals, as are most inorganic compounds. However, due to their insolubility, relatively low toxicity and small amount present in the phosphor and the lamp, these materials do not present a significant hazard in the event of breakage of the lamp. Barium and cadmium had also been used as additives to the phosphor in lamps made prior to mid- 1988 but are no longer used in the phosphor in current production. These materials are also considered hazardous chemicals. In addition, although the evidence is limited and conflicting, cadmium and certain cadmium compounds have been listed by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as possible human carcinogens. Mercury Neither the mercury nor the phosphor concentration in air produced as a result of breaking one or a small number of fluorescent lamps should result in significant exposures to the individual. However, when breaking a large number of lamps for disposal, appropriate industrial hygiene monitoring and controls should be implemented to minimize airborne levels or surface contamination. We recommend that the work be done in a well-ventilated area, and local exhaust ventilation or personal protective equipment may be needed. IV. Disposal Concerns TCLP A Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) conducted on traditional fluorescent lamp designs for mercury would most likely cause the lamps to be classified as ...

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