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Resumen del manual
Please read completely before operating your machine. 1.1 Definitions The operating definitions provided below will help you further understand your machine and this manual. 1.1.1 Permeate Rate (Product Water Rate) [Qp] The Permeate Rate is the flow rate of purified water that passed through the membrane element and out of the membrane element in liter/min (Lpm), cubic meters/hour (m3/h), gallons/min (gpm) or gallons/hour (gph). Specified permeate rates are based on a feed water temperature of 25°C (77°F). Permeate rate will vary with temperature. 1.1.2 Concentrate Rate (Wastewater Rate) [Qc] The Concentrate Rate is the flow of incoming water in Lpm or m3/h (gpm or gph). 1.1.3 Feed Rate [Qf] The Feed Rate is the flow rate of incoming water in Lpm or m3/h (gpm or gph). Feed water rate equals permeate plus concentrate rate. 1.1.4 Reverse Osmosis Reverse Osmosis (RO) is the separation of one component in a solution from another component of a solution from another component by means of pressures exerted on a semi-permeable membrane element. The feed solution is separated into two streams, permeate and concentrate, and collected from both sides of the membrane element. Figure 1.1 Normal Versus Cross Flow Filtration 1 1.1.5 Membrane Elements Membrane elements are interleaved layers of semi-permeable membrane, spacer, and permeate carrier spiraled around a central permeate tube make up the membrane element. Figure 1.2 Membrane Element with Interconnectors 1.1.6 Clean-In-Place The abbreviation for Clean-In-Place is CIP. 1.1.7 Flow Control Center The Flow Control Center features a concentrate flow control valve, a recycle flow control valve, and a pressure gauge. It is located directly behind the control enclosure. 1.1.8 Average Pressure PAVG (Average Pressure) = [(PPRIMARY + PFINAL) . 2] 1.1.9 Concentration Concentration equals the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) concentration of a solution expressed as conductivity (.S/cm) or parts per million (ppm). 2 Cf = Feed Concentration Cp = Permeate Concentration Cc = Concentrate Concentration Cavg = Average Concentration in Machine 1.1.10 Salt (Ionic) Passage Ionic Salt Passage equals the percent of dissolved salts passed through the membrane element or 100% minus rejection. 1.1.11 Recovery Recovery equals permeate rate divided by feed rate and is expressed as a percentage. For example, 75% recovery means that out of a given feed rate, 75% is produced as purified water (permeate). 1.1.12 Salt (Ionic) Rejection Ionic Salt Rejection equals the percent of dissolved salt rejected by the membrane element, calculated from an average concentration over the membrane element. An example of how to calculate salt rejection and recovery is below: Figure 1.3 Principles of Operation Given the system case in Figure 1.3: Average Concentration (Cavg) = [(Cf) + (Cc)] 2 = [(100 mg/L) + (375 mg/L)] 2 = 237.5 mg/L 3 Rejection = [(Cavg) - (CP)] x 100 (Cavg) = [(237.5 mg/L) + (8.3 mg/L)] x 100 (237.5) = 96.5% Passage = (CP) x 100 (Cf) = (8.3 mg/L) x 100 (237.5) = 3.5% Recovery = (QP) x 100 (Qf) = (18 gpm) x 100 (24gpm) = 75% 4 1.2 Machine Nomenclature E-CE Series water purification machines are numbered in such a way as to indicate the permeate flow you can expect from the machine and other specifications: Example: RE, E8-CE-9, 400, 5, 66 - 75 RO E8 - CE - 9 400 5 66 - 75 Machine Type (Reverse Osmosis) Machine Series CE-E Series (E8: 8-inch housings/membrane elements) (E4H: 4-inch housings/membrane elements) CE Marked Rated Permeate Flow Recovery Range 66 - 75% E8-CE 50 - 75% E4H-CE Hertz Operation 5 = 50 Hertz 400 VAC 3-Phase Starter [9 m3/hour at 25°C (77°F)] 1.3 Features E4H-CE and E8-CE water purification machines have all the features necessary for safe, continuous production of high-purity water. This assumes properly pretreated feed water with a TDS . 2000 ppm and regular operator maintenance. · Sixty-six (66) - 75% recovery (E8-CE) or 50 -75% recovery (E4H-CE). Adjust concentrate and recycle flows to obtain desired recovery. · Epoxy-coated carbon steel frame. · Three hundred fifty (350) square foot or 85 square foot (E4H-CE) membrane elements with stainless steel (SS) membrane element housings. 5 · Multi-stage centrifugal pump, SS construction (SS end castings and wetted parts, Noryl* internals) on the 3 to 3 to 34m3/hr and AS (all Stainless Steel components) on the 45m3/hr. · Electrical package includes Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), IEC66 control enclosure with a 24VDC control circuit, Siemens TP070 operator interface terminal, and a Siemens S7-200 PLC. · Twenty (20)-inch, 30-inch, or 40-in SS pre-filter housing, including 5-micron cartridge filters, GS05-20-XK, GX05-30-XK, GX05-40-XK for the E8-CE and 20-inch PVC pre-filter housings, including 5-micron cartridge filters for the E4H-CE. · Pre-filter, post-filter, primary, pump discharge, and final pressure gauges. · Concentrate and permeate flow meters. · Digital conductivity monitor, panel-mounted, for permeate quality monitoring ...
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